3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)
試比較：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)
4. 在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
5． 在too… to…結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。
例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）
7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義
表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。
1. “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。
例The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2．“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎……勝過……、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond one’s reach（鞭長莫及），beyond one’s control（無法控制），beyond our hope．我們的成功始料不及。
例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過……、高于……”。
例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．
4．“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于……、 為著……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。
例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5．“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在……過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。
例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
6．“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事…… 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。
例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
7．“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)； 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of one’s reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等。
例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)． 。
8．“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在……內(nèi)、不超過……”。
例He took two days off within the teacher's permission
被動語態(tài)習(xí)題
1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A． are not kept；will have to B． are not kept；have
C． do not keep；will have to D． do not keep；have to
2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed
C. are being developed D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off．
--- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A． I've been told B． I've told C． I'm told D． I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed
5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up
B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up
D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost
10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.
--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material?
--- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A． write B． to write C． to be written D． written
13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．
A． to type B． typing C． to be typed D． typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out
C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to
17. --- What do you think of the book?
---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___ again.
A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching
被動語態(tài)習(xí)題
key 1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA
11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB
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