3. 在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：
(11) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不會知道。
(12) 、I would like to come. 我愿意來。
(13) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢也不會想到的。
(14) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡直就象他親眼看見一樣。
五、條件從句中省略if 采用倒裝語序的情況
1、在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中，有時可以把含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去，而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
1). 原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把動詞were移到主語she的前面)
2). 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主語he的前面)
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部電影，昨晚我就可以和他們一起討論了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鳥，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的話，農(nóng)民們就能有個好收成了。
2、如果虛擬條件句中有were, had或should時，把它們放在if的位置上；但是如果條件句中沒有were, had或should不能用倒裝。例如：
⑴、Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的話，我們怎么辦呢？
⑵、Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的話，我就向他請教了。
⑶、Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能夠做此工作，他就會得到一些錢。
3、在“開放式條件句”(open conditional clause)和讓步狀語從句中should是被省略了的。在這種情況下，如果if省略，動詞be與主語的位置要倒裝。如：
⑴、If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有權(quán)起訴。)
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵、Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是對還是錯，我都會支持她的。)
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶、____ ,I will take her as my wife.
［A］Were she rich or poor
［B］Being rich or poor
［C］Be she poor or rich
［D］Whether is she poor or rich
4、注意：有時虛擬條件句并沒來if 從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式來表示。
⑴、We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑵、Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
六、有時虛擬條件句的從句或主句都可以省略其中一個：
1. I could help you. (只有主句）
2. If I had time. (只有從句）
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有從句)
(11) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不會知道。
(12) 、I would like to come. 我愿意來。
(13) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢也不會想到的。
(14) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡直就象他親眼看見一樣。
五、條件從句中省略if 采用倒裝語序的情況
1、在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語從句中，有時可以把含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if 省去，而將had , should, were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
1). 原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把動詞were移到主語she的前面)
2). 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主語he的前面)
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部電影，昨晚我就可以和他們一起討論了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鳥，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的話，農(nóng)民們就能有個好收成了。
2、如果虛擬條件句中有were, had或should時，把它們放在if的位置上；但是如果條件句中沒有were, had或should不能用倒裝。例如：
⑴、Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的話，我們怎么辦呢？
⑵、Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的話，我就向他請教了。
⑶、Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能夠做此工作，他就會得到一些錢。
3、在“開放式條件句”(open conditional clause)和讓步狀語從句中should是被省略了的。在這種情況下，如果if省略，動詞be與主語的位置要倒裝。如：
⑴、If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有權(quán)起訴。)
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵、Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是對還是錯，我都會支持她的。)
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶、____ ,I will take her as my wife.
［A］Were she rich or poor
［B］Being rich or poor
［C］Be she poor or rich
［D］Whether is she poor or rich
4、注意：有時虛擬條件句并沒來if 從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式來表示。
⑴、We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑵、Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
六、有時虛擬條件句的從句或主句都可以省略其中一個：
1. I could help you. (只有主句）
2. If I had time. (只有從句）
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有從句)
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第二節(jié)：其他形式的條件句中的虛擬語氣
一、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果沒有”（相當(dāng)于if it were not for…）表示條件時，句中一般用虛擬語氣。（也可用陳述語氣） Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time. In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.二、由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引導(dǎo)的條件從句或目的從句，根據(jù)情況，可用虛擬語氣。（有時也可用陳述語氣） They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.三、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果沒有"，表示條件虛擬句： (1). Without air, nothing could live.要是沒有空氣，什么也不能生存。 (2). But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的幫忙，我們是難有成就的。 (3). In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果沒有水和空氣，什么也不能生存。 |
第五部分：其他幾種情況下的虛擬語氣
第一節(jié)：虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中的應(yīng)用
虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，謂語動詞形式與wish后的賓語從句基本相同
第一節(jié)：虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中的應(yīng)用
虛擬語氣在as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，謂語動詞形式與wish后的賓語從句基本相同
1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑，謂語動詞用過去式。例如：
(1) .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯獨他要對發(fā)生的一切負(fù)責(zé)。
(2). He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.他做起事來好象是個電視專家。
(3).Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman．艾倫談起羅馬來好像他是個羅馬人一樣。
(4).John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè))
(5). He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)）他假裝好象完全不懂那事，其實他對那事非常了解。
2. 表示過去想象中的動作或情況，謂語動詞用過去完成式。如：
(1).The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.
A. hasn't watered B. didn't water
C. hadn't bee watered D. wasn't watered
那棵樹看上去好象很久沒人給澆水了。（答案是c）
(2).The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實）
(3). The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實)那老人看著照片，他覺得仿佛回到20年前的時光。
3.表示與將來事實相反:
(1).They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+動詞原形，表示與將來事實相反)
(2). They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形動詞meet，表示與將來事實相反)他們談了又談，仿佛他們不會再相見的樣子。
注: 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成為事實, 用陳述語氣.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
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第二節(jié)：虛擬語氣用在lest，for fear that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中
在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語動詞多由should ＋動詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可省略。 例如： ⑴、He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。 ⑵、The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself. a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure 這個瘋子被關(guān)進(jìn)墻上裝有襯墊的病房，以免傷了他自己。（答案是a） 第三節(jié)：介詞短語表示虛擬
有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個介詞短語來表示，或通過上下文或其他方式表示出來。如but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示讓步假設(shè)。 1).He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作，不然他就失敗了。) 2).We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假設(shè)我們有更有利條件，我們還會做得更好。) 3). But for his help，I . ［A］should not have succeeded ［B］had not succeeded ［C］did not succeed ［D］have not succeeded 4). But that he came to help me, I . ［A］could not have succeeded ［B］did not succeed ［C］could not succeed ［D］can’t but succeed |
第四節(jié)：虛擬語氣用在It is（about ／high）time ＋that定語從句中
在It is（about／high）time ＋that定語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“該做……的時候了”，其動詞形式用一般過去時或should ＋動詞原形。
(1).It's already 5 o'clock now．Don't you think it's about time we went home？現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)5點鐘了，你不認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該回家了嗎？
(2).It is about time you were in bed.
(3).It is high time we left.
(4).It is the first time I came here.
注：
1、在this is the first time ／second time that．．．句型中，從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。
例如：
Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？這是你第一次參觀香港嗎？
2、It's time to do something有別于It's time that．．．
第五節(jié)：在if only 引起的感嘆句中需用虛擬語氣
謂語動詞用過去式或過去完成式(謂語動詞與wish賓語從句的虛擬形式相同).
⑴、If only he didn’t drive so fast! (現(xiàn)在)
⑵、If only she had asked someone’s advice.(過去)
⑶、If only the rain would stop.(將來)
例題解析:
⑷、Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.
A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed
if only 引出感嘆句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示說話人的一種愿望，希望發(fā)生（事實上不可能發(fā)生）與過去事實相反的情況。本句的全句意思是：“看我現(xiàn)在的處境多糟糕！要是我聽從你的勸告多好”。事實上，句中的“我”沒有聽從勸告，所以處境很糟糕。
題中空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語氣，答案是B。
