五.數詞
1. 掌握基數詞和單數名詞構成合成詞的用法。例:
a five-year plan (正)
a five-years plan (誤)
2. 掌握倍數的表示
1)倍數+ as+ 形容詞或副詞原級+ as
The city is twice as big as that one.,
2) 倍數+ 形容詞或副詞比較級+ than
A is four times larger than B. A比 B 大四倍。
A is twice smaller than B. A是B 的三分之一。
3)倍數+名詞結構
The size of the local primary school is twice that of the local kindergarten.
4) 動詞+ by + 數字百分比或倍數
The production went up by three times over the previous year.
六.形容詞
1.形容詞作定語時的位置
1) 形容詞作定語時通常放在被修飾名詞前面。例:
There is a pretty girl sitting under the tree.
2) 形容詞短語作定語時通常放在被修飾名詞后面。例:
The test paper difficult for him was not very difficult for the other students.
3) 形容詞一般放在以-ing, -body, -one等結尾的復合代詞后面。例:
There is nothing exciting in the party.
4) 英語中多個形容詞作前置定語時,順序如下:1. 限定詞(前-中-后)→2. 性質(描繪)形容詞→3. 大小、長短、高低(矮)形容詞→4. 形狀形容詞→5. 年齡、新舊形容詞→6. 顏色形容詞→7. 國籍、地區、出處形容詞→8. 物質、材料形容詞→9. 用途、類別形容詞→10. 動名詞、名詞中心詞。例:
a charming small round old brown Chinese wooden writing table
2. 只作表語,不能作定語的形容詞
1)表示健康狀況的形容詞,如:well, ill
2) 由a+詞根構成的詞,如:afraid, alert, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, aware 等。
3. 由-ing /-ed 分詞轉化來的形容詞特點
1) 作定語時,-ing分詞轉化來的形容詞帶有主動、進行含義;-ed 分詞轉化來的形容詞帶有被動、完成含義。如:developing country (發展中國家),developed country (發達國家)
2)作表語時,-ing分詞轉化來的形容詞表示某物本身具有的特點,–ed 分詞轉化來的形容詞表示主語所處的狀態。如:
The book is interesting.
We are interested in the book.
The film is moving.
we are all moved.
Hearing the news, we are excited.
4. 以-ly結尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
She sang lovely. (錯)
He spoke to me very friendly. (錯)
Her singing was lovely. (對)
He spoke to me in a very friendly way. (對)
2)有些以-ly 結尾既為形容詞,也為副詞,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。例如:
The Times is a weekly paper. 《時代周刊》為周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《時代周刊》每周發行一期。