用法說明與練習(xí)見《大學(xué)英語語法和詞匯練習(xí)手冊》p93－103

1．不定式

【考點(diǎn)一』不帶to 的動詞不定式。

                 感官動詞(feel, see, hear, watch, notice, observe) 和使役動詞（make, let, have）后常用不帶to 的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但在被動句中to不能省。

『考點(diǎn)二』記清不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作使役動詞賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。

              現(xiàn)在分詞作使役動詞賓補(bǔ)表示“使…不停地（做某事）”。

           過去分詞作使役動詞賓補(bǔ)含被動意義。

           不帶to 的不定式作使役動詞賓補(bǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作地全過程。

『考點(diǎn)三』記住只用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞。如：

want，wish，hope，manage，demand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect， intend等。

 

2． 分詞

【考點(diǎn)一』作狀語的分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語要一致。

『考點(diǎn)二』現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，主動；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成、被動。

『考點(diǎn)三』熟記一些固定的分詞詞組，如：taking...into consideration 考慮到，judging by /from 從……判斷，talking about 說到……，speaking of 說到……，looking at 考慮到、著眼于，generally speaking 一般說來，allowing for 考慮到……

Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities that girls.

Allowing for the deficiencies(不足), the show is a success.

 

3．動名詞

【考點(diǎn)一』記住只用動名詞作賓語的動詞：

admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，forgive，imagine， keep，mind，miss，practice，resist， risk，suggest，deny等

『考點(diǎn)二』“動詞＋介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后也要用動名詞作介賓。特別注意 look forward to, devote to, be used to, object to 中to 是介詞

『考點(diǎn)三』可以用不定式也可用動名詞作賓語的動詞，但意義不同。這類動詞包括：stop, go on, try, mean, remember, forget, regret

『考點(diǎn)四』注意動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、否定式、完成式、被動式。

『考點(diǎn)五』獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)多以邏輯主語＋分詞的形式出現(xiàn)

 

 

反意疑問句句子由兩部分構(gòu)成 ，即陳述句 ＋ 反問句 ，在形式上通常遵循前肯定后否定或前否定后肯定以及反問句的主 、謂須與陳述句主 、謂相一致的原則。例：

Your father goes to work by bus every day, doesn’t he?

They were disappointed at the meeting, weren’t they?

He has two pens, hasn’t he？doesn’t he?

He can not  make paper boat, can he?

1．陳述句的反意疑問句要注意的結(jié)構(gòu)

1）陳述部分含have to結(jié)構(gòu)，反問句謂語一般用 do的形式.
Jack has to go there on foot, doesn't he?
注意：

A. 當(dāng) have to 被 have got to 取代時，反問句謂語須用 have .

We have got to answer all these questions, haven't we ?

B. 陳述部分謂語用 used to 結(jié)構(gòu)，反問句謂語用 didn't 或 usedn't 或 used ＋主＋ not .
They used to live in the city, usedn't they ?
He used to get up very early, didn't he ?
You used to play football, used you not?

C. 陳述部分用 I am ... 結(jié)構(gòu) ，反問句謂語用 aren't 或 ain't 或 am I not .
I am your friend, am I not ?
I am on time , aren't / ain't I ?

2． 感嘆句的反意疑問句 ，其反問句一般使用否定式。

What fine weather, isn't it ?
How hard she works, doesn't she ?
How clever the boy is, isn't he ?

3. 陳述部分用 I wish ... 結(jié)構(gòu) ，反問句常用 may I 形式 。

I wish I had met him, may I ?
I wish I were a bird, may I ?

4. 祈使句附加反問句分下面幾種情況 :

1 ) 肯定祈使句＋will you ? 多表“ 請求 ”。
   Come here early next time, will you ?
    肯定祈使句＋won't you ? 多表“ 邀請或勸誘”。
   Have a cup of coffee, won't you?
2 ) 否定祈使句＋will you ?
   Don't be late again, will you ?
  但在否定祈使句后不能使用 won't you .
3 ) Let's ... + shall we ?
   Let's begin our class, shall we ?
   而 Let us / me / him ..., 則應(yīng)用 will you ?/ may I?
   Let me have a try, will you?
   Let me help you, may I?

5． 復(fù)合句的反意疑問句

復(fù)合句的反意疑問句的主語和謂語與主句的主語和謂語保持一致。

1）主語是從句時，反意疑問句主語一般用it。

               What I have done is all for you, isn’t it?

2) 含有賓語從句時, 反意疑問句的主謂要和主句的主謂保持一致。例：

               You never mentioned you would go to Beijing, did you?

               He doesn’t suppose you’re a great success, does he?

l         注意：

在think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine 等表示“認(rèn)為、以為”的動詞后面接賓語從句，且主語是I ( We )時，要否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即反意疑問句的主謂要和賓語從句的主謂保持一致。例：

               I think he'll be back in 3 days, won't he?
   I don't believe that they have known it, have they?

3）由but, and, or 引導(dǎo)的并列句，反意疑問句按就近一致的原則。例：

              The meeting is not over, but we can leave now, can’t we?

              He studies hard and he is the best student here, isn’t he?

6． 陳述部分含有 few, little, seldom, hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither 等否定詞，反問句應(yīng)用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。
He seldom comes here, does he ?
You know little French, do you ?

7. 陳述部分所含的否定詞是加前綴或后綴所構(gòu)成的 ，反問句要用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。例：
 He is quite careless , isn't he ?
 It is unfair , isn't it ?

8. 陳述部分用neither ... nor ... , both ... and ...連接二個主語，反問句主語常用復(fù)數(shù)。
 Neither you nor I am wrong，are we ?
 Both Tom and Mary are new here, aren't they ?

9. 陳述部分用 too ... to ... , 表 “ 太 …… 以致不能 …… ”，反問句用肯定形式。
 He is too excited to say a word , is he ?
 They are too tired to go any farther, are they?

10. 陳述部分用so開頭，反問句用“同向” 反問形式，表驚訝，不滿，懷疑等情緒 。
 So you are getting married, are you?
 So you don't want to go with us, don't you?