三． 轉句譯法

英語和中文的某些作定語或狀語的詞組表達著豐富的內容。要把這些成分翻譯出來而不改變其原來的作用，這很難做到。在這個時候，我們不妨把這些成分翻譯成一個句子，這就是轉句譯法。例：

1.  Nixon was greatly impressed by Stassen’s firm handshake.

   Staseen緊緊握住他的手，給Nixon留下了深刻的印象。

2.  I tried vainly to put the pieces together.

   我試圖把這些碎片拼起來，但是我沒有成功。

3.  They , not surprisingly, did not respond.

   他們沒有做出任何反應，這并不令人奇怪。

4.  從全國各地來的人中有許多是南方人。

    There are men from all over the country. Many of them are from the South.

5.  1971年4月2日清晨，飛機駕駛員們準備發動第二輪攻擊。

   It was on the morning of April 2, 1971. The pilots were ready to launch the second round of attack.

 

強化練習 10

1．The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements .

2.  A teacher , finding such mistakes in a student’s homework, would be justly angry.

3. Easy and pleasant as their life at Paris was, it was after all temporary.

4. 1844年恩格斯與馬克斯相遇并成了朋友。

5． 這條河從這里流經倫敦入海

 

四．被動句子的翻譯

在英語中，作者會大量地運用被動語態的句子，尤其是在科技文體的文章中。相比較之下，中文中被動語態句子運用的就沒有那么廣。因此，這一部分主要針對英語被動句子的翻譯。在英語中的被動的表示形式就是be+ 過去分詞。在中文中，表示被動的短語有“被…”、“給…”、“（遭）受…”“由…”、“使…”、“把…”、“為…所”。一般來說，被動的句子主要有下面這些翻譯方法。

1．將原文中主語和賓語互換

   By the end of the war 6000 people had been saved by this organization.

    到戰爭結束時，這一組織已經挽救了6000人的生命。

   Mr. Smith could not be prevented from carrying out his plan by anyone.

   沒有人能阻止Mr. Smith實施他的計劃。

2．翻譯成“是……的”

    He was educated at a private school.

    他是在一所私立學校接受教育的。

    The decision to attack was not made lightly.

    進攻的決定不是輕易做出的。

3． 固定句型的翻譯

   It is hoped that     希望……

   It is reported that   據報道……

   It is said          據說……

   It is supposed      據推測……

   It must be admitted  必須承認……

   It must be pointed out  必須指出……

   It will be seen from this that  由此可見……

   It is believed          有人認為……

   It is generally accepted  人們普遍認為……

   It is well-known that    眾所周知……

   It is generally considered人們普遍認為……

4. 翻譯成“得到……”、“受到……”

   Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.

   我們的外交政策得到了全世界人民的支持。

   They were given a hearty welcome.

   他們受到了熱烈的歡迎。

   He was criticized severely by his boss.

   他受到老板嚴厲的批評。

這里介紹的是幾種最常用的幾種方法。同學門要注意英語和中文中表示被動的形式，注意主被動態之間的相互轉換。

 

強化練習 11

1. She was blamed for everything her sister did. (“受到……”)

2. Last year the area was visited by the worst earthquake in 60 years.( “遭受……“)

3. He was regarded as a Republican by everybody, even though he had always thought of himself as “Independent”. （“被……”）

4. Robert was dismissed by the boss of the factory. （“被……”）

5. Running water has long been used to turn the wheels of industry. （“被……”）

6. My first year was spent in Canada.  （“是……的”）

7. Eventually, the plan was abandoned. （主被動轉換，增補主語）

8. The workers were seen repairing the machine. （主被動轉換，增補主語）

9. I am afraid that I shall be laughed at. （主被動轉換，增補主語）

10. Most of questions have been settled satisfactorily. (直接翻譯成一個主動句)

11. The sense of inferiority has never been totally eradicated. (. (直接翻譯成一個主動句)

12. The crew were trained at a special field. (“是……的”)

13. It was generally accepted that the Sun turned around the Earth. (固定句型的)

14. It must be pointed out that the disease was fatal. (固定句型的)

15. It is believed that the nature can clean itself. (固定句型的)