定語從句的翻譯方法
英語中，作者會(huì)使用大量的定語從句來修飾名詞。定語從句放在名詞的后面。 在中文中作者也會(huì)用一個(gè)“……的”部分修飾一個(gè)名詞，放在句子的前面。 如果這一部分比較復(fù)雜的話，我們就要考慮是不是應(yīng)該用到定語從句了。在英譯中，定語從句的翻譯主要有前置法和后置法。前置法主要是把定語從句翻譯成一個(gè)“……的”短語。后置法主要是把定語從句單獨(dú)翻譯成一個(gè)小分句，要注意的是，在這種情況下，先行詞的意思需要重復(fù)還是省略需要思考一下。 在中譯英時(shí)，要理清定語從句的先行詞是什么，該用哪一個(gè) 關(guān)系詞。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：
1.The people who worked for him live in fear of him.
在他手下工作的人都很怕他。（前置）
2. We will carry on the cause for which he had struggled for all his life.
我們將繼續(xù)他為之終生奮斗的事業(yè)。（前置）
3. The lazy boy scored the highest in the exam, which astonished his teachers.
那個(gè)懶惰的男孩在考試中得分最高，這使老師們極為驚訝。（后置）
4. They are striving for the ideal for which many Chinese people have laid down their lives.
他們正在為這一理想奮斗，很多中國(guó)人已經(jīng)為這一理想奉獻(xiàn)出他們的生命。（后置）
5. 總會(huì)有人們過上幸福生活的一天的。
There will be a day when people live a happy life.
6．他喜歡熱情愉快的妹妹，而不喜歡喜怒無常的哥哥。
He liked his sister， who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother,who was changeable.
強(qiáng)化練習(xí)12.
1. This is the solider who just returned from the front.
2. Oxygen is a gas which unites with many substances.
3. He did not get along well with those people who made diplomacy their profession.
4. I knew that John would tell his mother, who would probably tell Mary.
5. He put forward the idea to the general, who liked it very much and order a secret study
made to see it could be done.
6. 正在Harvard大學(xué)讀書的他夢(mèng)想有一天能成為科學(xué)家。
7. 他給了我一只鋼 筆，我把它一直保留到今天。
8. 正在飛速發(fā)展的因特網(wǎng)將世界變成了一個(gè)小村莊。
Keys to Translation Exercises:
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 1
1.Chinese economy is developing
2. His face turned red.
3.They have adopted our plan.
4. His suggestion proved to be impractical.
5. He teaches us physics.
6. Terrorists had forced the Spain army to leave Iraq.
7. His dream came true.
8. I lent him a large sum of money.
9. My failure made my parent very disappointed.
10. The plane took off three hours ago.
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 2
1. The police began to look into the case.
The police did not begin to look into the case until yesterday afternoon.
2. I would appreciate it very much.
I would appreciate it very much if you consider my application.
3. You should concentrate your attention.
You should concentrate you attention on your study.
4. This doctor is the president of this hospital.
The doctor who is operating is the president of this hospital.
5. I intend to seek a job in Shanghai.
I intend to seek a job in Shanghai to make some money for next term.
6. I am confident enough to finish the task.
No matter how difficult the task is, I am confident enough to finish it.
7．What you are talking about is only of the problems.
What you are talking is one of the problems the company is facing at present.
8．It took him several weeks.
It took him several weeks to get used to the new working environment.
9. This car is always bringing me troubles.
This car which I bought 6 months ago is always bringing me troubles.
10. Going to school is not the only way.
Going to school is not he only way to obtain knowledge.
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 3
1. 我上班、養(yǎng)家和交朋友已占據(jù)我所有的時(shí)間。
2. 他的靴子不時(shí)的閃閃發(fā)亮。
3. 每到一地，入侵部隊(duì)就搶劫財(cái)物，強(qiáng)奸婦女。
4. If I had known he was ill, I would not have asked him to come.
5. He likes to point out others’ mistakes, but he means well.
6. A serious earthquake took place in Tangshan on July 28th, 1976.
7.
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 4
1. (如果)你不去， 他們回生氣的。
2．1939年9月，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)了。
3． 那個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩根本沒有病。他生龍活虎，在游泳池里玩呢。我們?nèi)伎吹搅恕?/DIV>
4． The Prime Minister had much work to do before the concert.
5． The backwardness of Chinese football must be changed.
6． We must avoid mistakes in our work.
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 5
1. 我建議他立刻戒煙。
2．我非常感激父親，因?yàn)樗谖业耐陼r(shí)代不斷地鼓勵(lì)我。
3． 山區(qū)里數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人最后擺脫了貧困。
4. He is the murderer of his boss.
5. He wrote down his name on the wall with his hand.
6. His sister is a liar.
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 6
1.我討厭這樣匆匆忙忙。
2．這房間很舒適。
3． 他是一個(gè)很有學(xué)識(shí)的人。
4．嘗試一下是完全正確的。
5．We must concentrate our attention on developing economy.
6. He offerred himself to manage this enterprise.
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 7
1. 他的解釋遠(yuǎn)不讓人滿意。
2．我未能使他相信自己的錯(cuò)誤。
3． 兩只隊(duì)伍未分勝負(fù)。
4． 如果我們沒命, 你們也沒命。
5．他不慌不忙地從信封中抽出信讀了起來。
6．如果你不更努力，你會(huì)考試不及格的。
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 8:
1.It is not you fault that such things happened.
2. He will always remember the day when his hometown was liberated.
3. It is surprising that he should give up the opportunity to get a promotion and salary increase.
4. 一些體育明星甚至比除了總統(tǒng)以外的國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人更有知名度。
5．要是看到選手全不是黑人的籃球比賽，那可是非同尋常的。
6．對(duì)于那些來這兒旅游或工作的人來說，這是一個(gè)讓人高興的想法。
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 9:
1.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，他的朋友Kramer給他謀了份工作，在軍校里當(dāng)教官，年薪為一萬美圓
2．因?yàn)檫@個(gè)年輕人常來這為太太的家， 所以他被認(rèn)為是女主任的情人。
3．在該市舉辦過音樂會(huì)之后， 他說要像往常那樣，去同歌謎打招呼。
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 10:
1. 中國(guó)人民似乎為自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展感到自豪， 這是完全有理由的。
2．老師在學(xué)生作業(yè)中發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣的錯(cuò)誤感到生氣，這是完全合理的。
3．雖然說他們?cè)诎屠璧纳钣崎e自在， 但它只是短暫的。
4．In 1844 Engles met Marx and they became friends.
5. From here this river runs down to London and there it enters the sea.
強(qiáng)化練習(xí) 11:
1. 她因?yàn)槊妹盟龅囊磺卸艿截?zé)備。
2. 去年該地區(qū)遭受了60年以來最大的地震。
3. 他被大家認(rèn)為是共和黨人，雖然他一直把自己看作是獨(dú)立人士。
4. Robert被工廠老板開除了。
5. 流水很久以來就被用來給工業(yè)提供動(dòng)力。
6. 我的第一年是在加拿大度過的。
7. 最后，人們放棄了這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
8. 人們看到工人在修那臺(tái)機(jī)器。
9. 我怕人們會(huì)笑話我。
10. 多數(shù)問題已經(jīng)得到了滿意的解決。
11. 自卑感從來沒有完全消除。
12. 機(jī)組人員是在一個(gè)特別機(jī)場(chǎng)接受訓(xùn)練的。
13. 以前人們普遍認(rèn)為，太陽繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
14. 必須指出，這種疾病是致命的。
15. 人們以為，大自然可以進(jìn)行自我清潔。
強(qiáng)化練習(xí)12:
1. 這就是那位剛從前線歸來的士兵。
2．氧氣是一種能與多種物質(zhì)結(jié)合的氣體。
3．他與那些以外交為業(yè)的人相處不來。
4．我知道John會(huì)告訴他的母親， 而他母親又會(huì)告訴Mary.
5. 他向?qū)④娞岢隽诉@個(gè)建議，將軍非常喜歡，下令進(jìn)行秘密研究，看看是否人實(shí)施。
6. He, who is studying in Harvard University, dreams that he will become a scientist one day.
7. He gave away a pen to me, which I kept until today.
8. Internet, which is developing rapidly, will change the world into a small village.
