USE OF THE PASSIVE  被動語態的用法

被動語態關心的是動作本身，而不是動作的執行者。看一下下面的例子：

Rice is grown n China.水稻生長在中國。

The notice is written in Spannish.通知是用西班牙文寫的。

Bacon is usually fried, not biled.熏豬肉常常是用來炸的，而不是煮的。

被動語態也常表示實驗過程或制造過程等：

Water is added, and the mixture is heated. 水已經加好了，混合物正在被加熱。

The liquid is stored in barrels for two years.這種液體已經在桶里存放了兩年了。

比起下面這些主動語態，被動語態在敘述這種一般事實時更能給人一種精煉的印象：

People grow rice in China.

Someone wrote the notice in Spanish.

You usually fry bacon, not boil it.

這些句子與被動句比起來，會給人一種生硬的感覺。

 

HOW TO FORM THE PASSIVE  被動語態的構成

被動語態的形式是be 動詞后面加動詞的過去分詞。下面的例句是be 的現在形式+動詞的過去分詞：

I am called george, he is called Simon, and they are called Tim and Roger.

還有下面三種被動語態的形式：

●過去時的被動語態：was/were=fcynr fpfcwv ygnk

  My brother was born in the USA.我哥哥出生在美國。

We were brought up in Australia.我們在澳大利亞長大。

●現在完成時的被動語態：has been /have been+動詞的過去分詞

　The film has already been seen by ten million people.已經有一千萬人看過這部電影了。

　The shoes have not been worm.鞋還沒有穿壞。

●將來時的被動語態：will be +動詞的過去分詞

　三位評委將會讀完所有的詩。

  The winner will be chosen tomorrow.明天將選出誰是優勝者。

 

OTHER TENSES  其他時態

至今為止我們學過九種時態。除了現在時、現在完成過去時、將來時之外，還學過以下五種時態。

條件時態　　　　　　It would work

過去完成時　　　　　She had left.

現在進行時          We are waiting.

過去進行時          They were listening.

現在完成進行時      I have been reading.

這些時態都有各自的被動語態。

 

Sthe conditional passive  條件時態的被動語態

條件時態的被動語態的形式是would be +動詞的過去分詞。

和條件時態的主動語態一樣，條件時態的被動語態常表示推測。

讓我們來看一則學校舉行烤肉活動的會話：

Man     Every year, we have a college party on the longest day. We have a barbecue, and a band plays under the trees.

Woman  What would happen if it rained? Would the party be ruined?

Man     No, the party wouldn’t be ruined. It would be held indoors.

Woman  What about the barbecue?

Man     The food would be cooked in the kitchen.