韓語里說某人“狼心狗肺”,就等于說他心腸狠毒,忘恩負義;說某人“有狼子野心”就指此人如狼一樣,毫無良心。英語離也有類似的用法。例如:
He’s mad that trusts in the tameness of a wolf ,a boy’s love, or a whore’s cath.
He is the primitive, thewild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, the stinging centipede.
It is madness for a sheep to treat of peace with a wolf.
It is a foolish sheep that makes the wolf his confessor.
漢語和英語都有表示“像狼那樣貪得無厭”的說法,如:greedy as a wolf狼貪。
Wolf用以指人時,意為a man who is always ready to make sexual advance to a woman. 故英語中有a wolf-whistle這一習語,意為“調情口哨”,意指見到漂亮女性便吹口哨吸引女方注意的男子,這在漢語中“色狼”之說是基本相同的。再如:he has a face like an angel ,but he’s really a terible wolf.他看上去像個天使,其實是只可怕的色狼。
漢語中有“如餓狼撲食”“狼吞虎咽”等說法,形容吃東西像狼一樣有猛有急。英語中也有類似的表達法;wolf down(餓狼撲食,狼吞虎咽)
Fox (狐貍)是一種狡猾、詭計多端地動物。在漢英文化中,它皆含有“詭詐、狡猾”的內涵。
He is as sly as a fox. You’ve got to watch him.
When the fox preaches, take care of your geese.
When the fox says he’s vegetarian,it’s time for the hen to look out.
The fox is known by his brush.
A fox may gray, but never good.
A fox is not taken twice in the same snare.
It is an evil sign to see a fox lick a lamb.
It is a silly goose that comes to the fox’s sermon.
“狡猾”與“欺騙”密切相關,英語詞語fox就具有“狡猾”之意。如you can never fox me.(你絕對騙不了我)。形容詞foxy有“狡猾”之義,he’s foxy即等于he’sas sly as fox.因此,漢語“狐貍”與英語的fox具有共同的“狡猾”、“估計多端”等語義。
Mouse (鼠)不但偷食食物,而且傳播疾病,在漢英兩種文化中皆含貶義。而比moyse 大一些的rat (耗子)可指卑劣無信的家伙。
A down-at-heel street-rat.
A rat crossing the street is chased by all
Pig (豬)在漢、英語中的形象和喻意基本一致。豬給人的印象是骯臟和丑陋,令人討厭。其喻意是集“懶”“饞”“貪”和“笨”與一身。在英語中,“pig”以為u貪婪,骯臟或舉止粗魯的人,因此常用一喻指貪婪、懶惰、骯臟的人,例如;
He’d been a pig about money.
英語中有不少含有pig的習語短語,幾乎都含有明顯的貶義,如make a pig oneself 大吃大喝、狼吞虎咽,pig in clover 行為卑鄙或粗魯的有錢人,buy a pig in poke 未經過目而買下來的上當貨。
與其他動物有關的喻體,喻意相同的列子還有:
When the weasel and the cat make a marrige , it is a very ill presage.
A barking dog never bites.
The camel is the ship of the desert.
As sloe as snail
As strong as an ox
A lion at home ,a mouse abroad
Though the monkey wears silk, it’s still a monkey
Make a monkey out of somebody
As happy as lark
Love me, love my dog
As slow as tortoise
As free as a bird
As brave as alion
As gentle as a lamb
A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk
A good horse should be seldom spurred
One swallow does not make a spring.
在人類進化過程中,英漢名族在生活經歷、思想人生上普遍存在著共性,這使地英、漢動物習語在某些方面不謀而合,因此,我們就有了上述十分相似的英漢表達方式。